In this article, we will discuss about Question Answer of "The Earth and the Sun" - (Class 5 Science, Chapter 15). We will learn how Earth and the Sun work together, how Earth rotates and orbits around the Sun. We will also look at the Sun’s important role in our solar system and how it affects weather on Earth. Additionally, we’ll discover other planets and their moons, and see how satellites help us.
The Earth is called an unique planet as:
i. It consists a thick layer of atmosphere that regulates earth's temperature.
ii. It consists soil that helps for growing plants
iii. Earth's surface has different features like oceans, mountains, rivers and plateaus.
Temperature at the centre of Sun - 15 billion ℃
Temperature at the surface of Sun - 6,000 ℃
Solar energy is the energy which we get from the Sun. It uses sunlight to make things work, like making electricity or heating water, etc.
The diameter of the sun is 13,92,000 km.
The process that continuously takes place in the Sun is called nuclear fusion.
The process by which hydrogen changes to helium is called nuclear fusion.
Astronomy is the branch of science. which deals/helps to study about celestial bodies like planets, satellites and stars.
The light that contain a single colour is called Monochromatic light. Ex - Red light
The light that contains multiple colours, called polychromatic light. Ex - Sunlight.
The light that emits from the Sun is a mixture of 7 colours - Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, yellow, Orange and Red.
If we collect the first letter of each colour in the sunlight, we make a pattern which is “VIBGYOR”.
When white light falls or glass prism, then it breaks into its components colours and produce a colourful pattern on a screen. This phenomena (event) is known as dispersion of light and it was invented by Sir Issac Newton.
The colourful pattern that is formed on a screen is called spectrum.
There is a thin layer of atmosphere found on the Sun, this is known as corona. Sometimes corona would be seen during a Solar Eclipse.
Write a short note on each of the following:| Planets | Description |
|---|---|
| Mercury | i. Distance from sun is 5,19,09,100 km ii. length of 1 year in Mercury = 88 days iii. Mercury takes 58 hours 30 minutes 34 seconds for one rotation. iv. Mercury has no moon. v. Mercury has no rings. |
| Jupiter | i. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is also called giant planet. ii. Jupiter has rings. iii. The length of one year in Jupiter is 12 years white length of one day is just 10 hours. iv. Jupiter has 82 confirmed moons. Some names are Ganymede - the largest moon, Callisto, Europa, Lo, etc. v. Hydrogen gas (H₂) is most prominent in Jupiter. |
| Venus | i. It is the brightest planet ever. ii. It has been named after the Roman goddess of love. iii. It rotates clockwise. iv. It takes 224.7 days to complete one revolution but takes 243 days to spin its own axis. That's why a day in venus is longer than a year. v. The cloud of venus is filled by sulphuric acid. vi. Venus has no moon. |
| Mars | i. Mars is called the red planet because Mars is covered in soil, rock and dust. Iron made from iron oxide. ii. Mars is named after the Roman god of war. iii. Mars has 2 moons. Phobos and Deimos. iv. Distance from Mars to the sun is 22,71,40, 500 km. v. One year on Mars is 687 days. vi. Mars is a terrestrial planet because of its hard and rocky surface. vii. Mars has very weak gravity. i.e - We jump more height on Mars Than Earth. |
| Earth | i. Revolution time 365day, 5 hours 48 mins and 45.51 secs. ii. Rotation time 23 hours, 56 minutes 4.09 sec. iii. Earth rotates anticlockwise, ie- West to east. iv. Rotational speed of Earth 1,07,220 km/hr. v. Its distance from Sun is 14,95,97,900 Km |
| Neptune | i. This is the final or eighth Planet in our solar system. ii. A year on Neptune is equivalent to 168 years. iii. Neptune is also a ice-giant planet. iv. Neptune is named of the Roman god of sea. v. Neptune has 14 moons. vi. Neptune is also blue in colour Because of methane vii. Winds and storms also occur on Neptune. |
| Saturn | i. Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. ii. Saturn is a gas gaint planet because its surface is made of helium. iⅱ. Saturn has rings. This rings are made up of bits of ice, dust and rock particles. iv. Saturn has 53 confirm moons, Titan is one of them. v. Length of one year in Saturn is 107590 days, and length of one day is 10 hour 40 mins. vi. Hydrogen and helium are major gases present in Saturn. |
Venus is very bright and visible from Earth. In the morning, it shines in the eastern sky, and in the evening, it shines in the western sky like a star. So, it is called the Morning Star and the Evening Star.
This is because of the high concentration of carbon dioxide.
Satellites are the heavenly bodies that revolve around a planet [except Mercury and Venus]
E.g - Titan for Saturn 2. Deimos for Mars.
The distance between the Sun and earth is 14,95,98,900 km.
The diameter of the Earth is 12,800 km.
| A | B |
|---|---|
| 1. Earth | (d) The only known planet which has life |
| 2. Corona | (a) Thin layer of atmosphere on the sun |
| 3. Mars | (b) Second largest planet |
| 4. Saturn | (e) Red planet |
| 5. Jupiter | (c) The largest planet |
