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Natural disasters Questions and Answers For Class 5 (SST)

Table of Contant

Chapter-10

Natural Disasters and Management.

Keep Note that - A sudden natural event causing massive destruction of life and property is known as natural disaster.

New Words to Know

Magma : Molten material beneath or within the earth's crust
First-aid kit : A small box containing antiseptic, cotton, bandage, scissors etc.
Embankment : A strong and thick wall made of cement, bricks etc. on the bank of a river to prevent the floodwater from entering human settlements
Famine : A situation of severe shortage of food
Cold storage : A deep-freeze storage room to preserve the perishable food items such as fruits and vegetables
Rainwater harvesting : A technique to store the rainwater and use it later for various purposes.
Focus : Focus is the place under the earth's surface where the earthquake originally occurs.
Epicentre : The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
Volcano : A volcano is an opening on the earth's surface out of which magma, ash &amp; gases erupt.
Magma : Rocks below the crust have a very high temperature but the great pressure upon them in a semi solid state. If the pressure weakens, then some of the rocks become liquid. This liquid is called magma.
Lava : The hot and liquid magma that comes out from the vent.
Vent : Vent on the channel or conduit through which magma travels to reach the earth's surface. Crater : At the top of the volcanic cone, there is a funnel shaped depression called crater.
Caldera : If the crater of a volcano is of great size and is shaped like a basin, it is called caldera.

Points to Remember

➧ A sudden natural event causing massive destruction of life and property is known as natural disaster.
➧ The shaking, tremors or vibrations experienced on the earth's surface due to sudden movements under the earth's surface is called an earthquake.
➧ Focus is the place where the earthquake originally occurs.
➧ Seismograph is an instrument used to measure the intensity of an earthquake.
➧ The science of studying earthquakes is known as seismology.
➧ Cyclone is a violent storm that is accompanied by heavy rainfall for several days.
➧ Tsunami is a series of giant waves that rise from the sea due to some disturbance inside the sea such as earthquake or volcanic eruption.
➧ Flood is a situation when the rivers overflow their banks due to heavy rainfall and the rushes into the nearby villages, towns and cities. A flash flood is the most dangerous type of flood.
➧ Drought is a situation when there has been no rainfall or very little rainfall in an area for long period of time leading to shortage of water for irrigation.
➧ Famine is a situation of acute shortage of food for both human beings and animals.
➧ We can prevent droughts by growing more and more trees and by using water saving techniques such as rainwater harvesting.

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

Massive destruction caused by nature is called-
    a. damage             b. epidemic             c. natural disaster ✔
During an earthquake the ground under our feet-
    a. rises             b. shakes ✔             c. none of these
In India, the area prone to cyclones is-
    a. Odisha            b. Tamil Nadu         c. Both of these ✔
The opening on the earth's surface from where the magma comes out is called-
    a. Vent ✔            b. magma             c. lava
It is a drought-resistant crop.
    a. Wheat            b. millet ✔             c. rice

Fill in the blanks.

Earthquakes above the intensity of 6 (SIX) are dangerous.
Cyclones usually occur in coastal areas.
A tsunami wave can have a height ranging between 1 metre and 20 (twenty) metres.
Floods cause water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhea.
We can increase the level of groundwater by growing more trees

Short answer questions.

What is earthquake?

The shaking tremors or vibrations experienced on the earth's surface due to sudden movement under the Earth's surface is called an earthquake.

When and where do tsunamis take place?

When there is an earthquake or volcanic eruptions under the sea or ocean, tsunamis take place. It can cause massive destruction in the coastal areas.

What is lava?

The hot and Liquid magma that comes out on the earth's surface from the vent is called lava.

What is seismology?

Seismology is the science of studying earthquakes.

How does the government help the people during natural disasters?

During natural disasters or calamities, the government and different social organisations play a very important role in providing help and care to the victims. The government provides relief camps, doctors, medicines, food and water packets, clothes etc. The helicopters are used to rescue the people from the flood affected areas.

Answer the following questions.

Define a natural disaster. Mention some examples.

A sudden natural event causing massive destruction of life and property is known as natural disaster. Some examples of natural disasters are-

ⅰ) Earthquake that occurred on 26 January, 2001, in Bhuj in Gujarat.
ii) On 26 December, 2004, a Tsunami hit the coastal areas of south and South-east Asia, etc.
Write five sentences about earthquakes.
five sentences about earthquake are follow-
i) It is the shaking movement of the earth's crust.
ii) It can originate at any point under the earth's crust.
iii) A huge energy is released in the form of seismic waves.
iv) It may change the course of a river.
v) Japan, Philippines, Italy are some of the major earthquake prone countries.

How can we prepare ourselves for a volcanic eruption?

We can prepare ourselves for a volcanic eruption by doing the following -

i) We should evacuate that region immediately.
ii) We should take enough food and water with us.
iii) All the electronic gadgets should be switched off.

How do floods affect us?

Floods affect us in an adverse way. It causes immense loss of life and property. It damages buildings and crops leading to homelessness, loss of livelihood, frequent outbreak of water-borne diseases, leading to epidemics etc.